In 1856, an 18-year-old was trying to find the cure for malaria. Instead, he found a way to create the colour purple. William Henry Perkin, a student at London’s Royal College of Chemistry, dipped a piece of cloth into his mixture of coal aniline and chromic acid. The cure for malaria was still about a century away, but what Perkin did discover was a way to create the first colour in synthetic form. Researchers from UC Berkeley and the University of Washington this........

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