India has made remarkable progress in lifting millions out of abject poverty. Extreme poverty, as measured by a $3 per day poverty line, has fallen to 2.6 per cent in 2023, according to the World Bank’s latest estimate. At a higher threshold — the lower-middle income country line of $4.2 per day — the decline from 57.7 per cent in 2011 to 16.1 per cent in 2023 is equally impressive. This improvement in living standards can be observed across the rural-urban divide, in most states. Yet, the lack of more productive and better paying non-farm........

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