India has never had as many children in school, as many schools, as many teachers, or as much policy attention devoted to education as it has today. Yet a deeply uncomfortable question refuses to go away, are our children actually learning and, more importantly, are our schools preparing them for the world they are going to inherit?

For decades, we have measured educational success largely through enrolment, examination results, infrastructure, rankings and the occasional success story. But these measures can conceal a much deeper crisis. A child may spend twelve or fourteen years in school and still emerge without strong foundations in reading, mathematics, communication, curiosity, problem-solving, collaboration or independent thinking. ASER’s continuing focus on foundational learning itself reflects the distance between being in school and learning in school.

And the world outside the classroom is changing faster than the classroom itself. Artificial intelligence is redefining work. Automation is eliminating some jobs and transforming others. Careers are becoming less linear; knowledge is becoming instantly accessible; creativity, adaptability, judgement, communication and the ability to learn, unlearn and relearn are becoming critical. This raises a question we have been remarkably reluctant to confront.The national challenge is not a simple public-versus-private school problem. It is a systemic problem of educational purpose, quality and accountability. India has made enormous gains in access and schooling infrastructure, and teacher numbers have crossed the one-crore mark nationally, yet quantity cannot be mistaken for quality. The implementation of NEP 2020 has placed foundational learning, multidisciplinary education and holistic development at the centre of reform, but the transformation from policy documents to everyday classroom practice remains uneven.The danger lies precisely here. We have begun to confuse islands of excellence with an ocean of quality. We point to a handful of outstanding schools, celebrate their results, admire their campuses and........

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