Armoured vehicles rumbled through Bengal’s countryside as Central Armed Police Forces patrolled market towns in a carefully choreographed display of electoral vigilance as the first phase of elections in West Bengal was conducted.

A visible show of force, a hidden struggle

The scale of deployment underscored official concern over potential unrest. Yet, this visible securitisation of the electoral process risks obscuring a deeper and more consequential struggle—one that is unfolding not in the open but within bureaucratic and quasi-judicial systems that determine who is entitled to vote.

The central axis of this quieter contest is the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls.

Mass deletions and algorithmic filtering

Conceived as a mechanism to eliminate duplication and ineligible entries, the exercise has resulted in the deletion of approximately 9.1 million names from voter lists. Of these, nearly 2.7 million were flagged by an artificial intelligence-based filter for what authorities describe as “logical discrepancies”.

While the terminology suggests technical precision, its application has proven far more ambiguous in practice. Minor inconsistencies, variations in spelling, transliteration, or naming conventions have become grounds for exclusion in a state marked by linguistic plurality and fluid social identities.

Cultural nuances and exclusion risks

Such discrepancies are often culturally embedded rather than administratively aberrant. Differences such as Rai versus Ray or Chattopadhyay versus Chatterjee reflect long-standing patterns of anglicisation and regional variation.

Among Bengali Muslims, many of whom do not adhere to fixed surnames, the consequences have been especially stark, with reports of entire families finding themselves excluded from electoral rolls. What appears as a data........

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