India’s ties with the US and Israel, and Pakistan’s with Washington, may explain the shift

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation’s 2026 Bishkek summit resolution is markedly less supportive of Iran than the one adopted at the 2025 Tianjin summit.

The Tianjin document explicitly identified the United States and Israel as the aggressors and condemned their actions. The Bishkek text makes no such mention.

Observers speculate that India’s close economic links with the US and strong defence ties with Israel, together with Pakistan’s current role as a broker in US-Iran contacts, contributed to the diluted language.

The Bishkek resolution states: “The Member States express deep concern over developments in the Middle East and around Iran. They reaffirm the SCO’s previously stated position condemning military strikes on the territory of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which have resulted in numerous civilian casualties and significant damage to the country’s economy.

“Such actions violate the principles and norms of international law and the UN Charter and also pose serious risks to international peace, security, and stability.

“Member States express their sincere condolences to the people and government of the Islamic Republic of Iran in connection........

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