Pakistan’s debate on new provinces is usually trapped between political slogans and fears of fragmentation. Both approaches miss the central question: Is Pakistan’s existing provincial structure still adequate for governing the country we have become?

Why the 21st century demands governance closer to the regions and the people

Why the 21st century demands governance closer to the regions and the people

Pakistan has changed dramatically. Its population has expanded, cities have grown into sprawling urban centres, economic activity has spread beyond traditional capitals, and regional disparities have become more complex. Yet the basic provincial architecture has remained largely unchanged. The issue, therefore, is not whether Pakistan needs “more provinces.” The real question is whether the distance between political power and the people has become too great.

This distinction matters.

A local government and a province perform fundamentally different functions. Local governments can bring water, sanitation, waste management, local roads, parks and municipal services closer to citizens. They can make everyday administration more responsive.

But an empowered district cannot replace a province.

A province legislates, formulates broader policies, manages major sectors such as education and health, prepares its budget, plans regional infrastructure,........

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