In the 1930s, Winston Churchill was not in power. He observed Germany’s rearmament, denounced as early as 1934 the rise of the Luftwaffe, warned in 1936 after the remilitarization of the Rhineland, and openly opposed the Munich Agreement in 1938. He had no majority — only a diagnosis and a conviction: a totalitarian and expansionist ideology cannot be confronted through concessions.

When France collapsed in May 1940, part of the British cabinet considered mediation with Hitler. Churchill refused. He understood that yielding would not ultimately reduce the human cost — it would increase it.

Churchill also knew that British resistance alone would not suffice. From 1940 onward, he multiplied exchanges with Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Lend-Lease Act of March 1941 (1) constituted the first concrete act of American strategic alignment, later formalized by the Atlantic Charter in August 1941 and ultimately by America’s entry into the war after Pearl Harbor.

For three decades, Benjamin Netanyahu has advanced a similar diagnosis: the Iranian question is central. The nuclear program, ballistic........

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