Herbert Spencer poses a compelling question in one of his writings: “What knowledge is of the most worth?” He answers it himself, asserting that the most valuable knowledge is that which prepares individuals for modern life. This reflection leads us to a deeper inquiry into the true meaning and purpose of education in society. Over time, the aim of education has been interpreted in various ways; however, most scholars and educationists agree that its primary role lies in enhancing personal abilities while simultaneously strengthening moral character. Education seeks to shape individuals by instilling a sense of right and wrong, exposing them to ethical teachings, and broadening their understanding of the world.

At the individual level, education plays a transformative role in multiple dimensions.
First, it cultivates awareness of the self and the world. Through exposure to literature, philosophy, history, and the sciences, individuals begin to understand who they are in relation to others and their surroundings. Will Durant emphasized this when he wrote that education means “the understanding of life through history, science, religion, and philosophy.” In classrooms, when students read thought-provoking texts or explore historical struggles, they begin to relate historical wisdom to their personal experiences.
Second, education contributes significantly to character building. Bertrand Russell believed that education should build character, foster a wish for truth, and develop a humble mind that upholds justice in thought. Schools that integrate community service, peace education, and empathy-building exercises reflect this spirit, shaping future citizens with moral clarity.
Third, education enables the formation of independent opinion. Russell stressed that knowledge should be presented in such a way that forming one’s own set of opinions becomes inevitable. This is a........

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