This November, the world is bracing for COP 30 in Belem, Brazil with a shift towards implementing climate financing. This moment holds great significance for Pakistan, as it advocates for its eligibility for just climate financing, given its status as one of the most climate-vulnerable countries in the world.

Although it is responsible for less than one per cent of global GHG emissions, Pakistan faces severe repercussions of climate change. For instance, the cumulative human losses from the floods of 2025 have resulted in 1,037 deaths and 1,067 injuries. While 229,763 houses have been damaged and 22,841 livestock have been reported lost to the flood.

Similarly, the 2022 floods displaced millions, causing an estimated $30 billion in damages and economic losses. This recurring devastation accentuates the need to reconcile climate targets with economic capacity. To achieve its climate adaptation and mitigation targets, Pakistan needs approximately $348 billion by 2030. However, an annual financing gap of nearly $17 billion makes Pakistan’s climate finance landscape intricate and fragmented.

In terms of climate finance, Pakistan has received around $8 billion from 2010 to 2020,........

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