At the geostrategic level, the US-Israel Combine’s war on Iran floundered quite spectacularly and then petered out into a dull stalemate. Iran, however, gradually acquired the more imposing, assertive position in the talks/peace deal that followed. Both the Indo-Pakistan clash of May 2025 and the current Gulf War prove that the nature of war has undergone a massive paradigm shift. The battle spaces have become far more complex and complicated. The electronic spectrum is now acquiring increasingly decisive dimensions in the conduct of war. From devastating slugfests, where the larger, stronger belligerent generally held the upper hand, wars will now see the comparatively weaker belligerent restoring some strategic balance through an adroit combination and application of hybrid-asymmetric-electronic warfare. Critically, hybrid-asymmetric-electronic warfare will help neutralise the opponent’s psychological, technological and numerical superiorities quite emphatically, as Iran demonstrated in this war.

A deep analysis of the Gulf War indicates that missiles (including interceptors, supersonic and hypersonic missiles/glide vehicles, etc.), UAVs, drones, autonomous loitering munitions, radars, satellites, cyber operations, electronic warfare, communications, AI, etc., will continue to play increasingly critical roles in future wars. They will help overwhelm the enemy’s multidimensional military and technological capacities through electronic means. Once UAVs, drones, autonomous loitering munitions, etc., are employed en masse or in swarms, they threaten to overwhelm the enemy’s (here, the US-Israel Combine’s) resources,........

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