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Revolution or No Revolution

Eight years after Armenia’s “Velvet Revolution,” Nikol Pashinyan’s government has deepened the country’s neoliberal trajectory while reorienting Armenia toward the West.

This September 2026 marked the third anniversary of Azerbaijan’s ethnic cleansing of the region of Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh). For Armenian society, the displacement of some 150,000 indigenous Karabakh Armenians was painful enough. Yet, in early September, several Western diplomats compounded matters by participating in a Baku-backed tour of the recently ethnically cleansed Artsakh. As investigative journalist Lindsey Snell reports, among those present were top EU diplomats and representatives of the Trump administration, including the US chargé d’affaires in Baku, Amy Carlon. While several Western diplomats danced to the tune of Azerbaijani nationalist hymns, others frivolously laughed when Hikmet Hajijev, the NATO-trained adviser of Azerbaijan’s President Ilham Aliyev, cynically cracked jokes about threatened Armenian cultural heritage. Amid this ghoulish danse macabre, the visiting diplomats uncritically accepted official Azerbaijani talking points, framing the historic Armenian Gandzasar and Dadivank monasteries as “Caucasian Albanian.”

The outrage in Armenian society was palpable, but Western capitals responded only with the usual diplomatic generalities. It is unlikely that any Western government will seriously try to hold Baku accountable for its crimes or its wildly neo-fascist rhetoric. Azerbaijan is a close ally of Israel and Turkey. Its longtime despot President Aliyev is a good friend of President Trump. Western interests in the country are driven by cold geopolitical calculations. The prospect of a “Nagorno-Karabakh without Armenians” has long tickled the fancy of American neocons, in their quest to “check” Moscow and Tehran in the strategic Caucasus and to secure an energy corridor to Central Asia. None of this should be surprising to the experienced observer. What has surprised many is that the ethnic cleansing had the tacit approval of the current Armenian government of Nikol Pashinyan, as part of its effort to reorient the country toward the West.

Pashinyan rose to power in the 2018 “Velvet Revolution” on promises of delivering a more just and equitable future for the Armenian people. At that time, he espoused what some deemed to be a “hard-line” stance on the Karabakh question. However, Pashinyan had in fact long viewed the people of Nagorno-Karabakh as an “albatross” hanging over Armenia that needed to be “discarded” in order to move the country away from Moscow and Tehran, and closer to NATO. In a complete turnaround from his 2018 stance, Pashinyan revealed his true sentiments in Prague in October 2022, when he officially recognized the mountainous region as a part of Azerbaijan, against the democratic will of the........

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