Self: the totality of the individual, consisting of all characteristic attributes, conscious and unconscious, mental and physical…. — APA Dictionary of Psychology.

Early psychological theorists (William James, Carl Jung, Karen Horney, and Gordon Allport, among others) shaped our thinking about the self as a developing entity that grows more complex over time.

In my practice, I use the umbrella term sense of self, which refers to the experience of self—what it’s like to be an individual. It includes:

Temperament is a genetic mix of traits. Subjectively, it can be described as "my emotional tone"—what it feels like to be me. Every human being (and every animal, for that matter) is born with a definite temperament. Scientists combine different methods of measurement to make broad categories, which we often think of as "characteristics," some of which overlap with concepts of personality. These are usually presented on a........

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