Most people consider decision-making to be a means to an end. They encounter a choice situation (e.g., how to spend their afternoon off), consider the options (e.g., yoga class, meeting friends, or binge-watching "Game of Thrones" for the third time), and reach a conclusion (e.g., binge-watching it is!).

The decision process typically follows one of two approaches. On the one hand, people may use a quick approach that involves reacting instinctively and simply going with what feels right. This is often referred to as “System 1,” “intuitive” or “gut” decision-making. On the other hand, people may use a slow, deliberate approach that includes careful consideration of all options. This is often called “System 2,” “analytical” or “head” decision-making.

No matter which approach people follow—be it an instinctive reach for the TV remote or a careful weighing of pros and cons—the decision-making process helps to get them where they want to be (e.g., sprawled out on the sofa, comfortably watching Jon Snow slaughter White Walkers and wildlings). It is a necessity, ideally resulting in a pleasant outcome.

Recent research, however, offers an entirely new perspective. Rather than viewing decision-making as a........

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