Custody of minor children is usually written up as “joint” in the divorce decree. There is usually a distinction between “legal custody,” in which parents have equal rights regarding decision-making, and “physical custody.” Physical custody arrangements include where children spend significant or equal time with each parent versus arrangements, sometimes called “sole custody,” where children primarily live with one parent, while the other parent has “visitation” rights. Shared parenting arrangements are often a source of conflict and or litigation between parents. What is in the best interests of the children?

Research comparing sole and shared custody has provided insights into various outcomes for children. Research on shared custody arrangements has found that children in these arrangements generally have better outcomes than children in sole custody arrangements:

Children in sole custody arrangements may experience more emotional and behavioral difficulties, possibly due to the challenges associated with adjusting to changes in family structure and reduced contact with one parent.

Some studies suggest that boys and girls may respond differently to shared custody versus........

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