AS outlined in the 2025 US National Security Strategy, the United States is stepping back from its role as the ‘primary security provider’ across the Gulf–Red Sea–Mediterranean arc. Washington is signalling that key regional partners must assume a larger share of security responsibilities—deliberately opening space for a ‘secondary security provider’. The 2025 U.S. National Security Strategy signals a shift from ‘direct security provision to security orchestration’. Washington wants capable regional actors to absorb operational burden while the U.S. retains escalation control, ISR dominance, and alliance management.

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