THE 13th Beijing Xiangshan Forum (BXF) convened at a moment when the rules-based international order anchored in the UN Charter is undergoing structural stress and the global security architecture is transitioning from a unipolar configuration towards a more pluralistic and multi-layered system. The Forum’s central theme, “Build Consensus on Stability, Advance Security Governance Together,” focused on this transitional logic and positioned the BXF as an ideal platform for collective security governance rather than a mere diplomatic ritual, offering practical solutions and remedies.

In an era of fragmented multilateralism, Beijing’s peacekeeping engagement functions as a stabilizing mechanism that partially compensates for the retreat of traditional hegemonic stabilizers. This role was a principal attractor at the 13th BXF, where participants recognized China’s capacity to serve as a security entrepreneur bridging the Global North and the Global South. The Forum operationalized the concept of inclusive security governance by amplifying the agency of Global South state actors historically marginalized in global security architectures. The Forum’s four plenary sessions, eight parallel sessions and nine closed-door academic seminars reflected a multi-layered governance design.

Yin Zhongliang, Senior Adviser to the China Institute for International Strategic Studies and former Chinese military representative to the UN, characterized the BXF as frank, practical and anchored in equality, openness, inclusiveness and mutual learning. This corresponds to deliberative security governance based on deepening of mutual........

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