THE tragedy of Karbala teaches sacrifice, fortitude, valour, steadfastness and commitment to a divine mission. It stands against tyranny, monarchy and injustice and upholds freedom, virtue and justice. The Quran emphasizes consultation in governance. Surah Shura states, “And their rule is to take counsel among themselves,” while Surah Ale Imran commands, “And take counsel with them in the affairs.” Islamic governance is founded upon justice and consultation, not hereditary rule. Yazid’s succession violated these Quranic principles.

Imam Hussain’s mission was to reject monarchy and uphold the true spirit of Islamic governance. In modern terms, this reflects the ideals of accountability and public consent. Refusing allegiance to Yazid was, therefore, a religious and........

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