The interim administration in Bangladesh, headed by chief advisor Muhammad Yunus, has been functioning since the ousting of Sheikh Hasina, who held power for 15 years, following a significant student-led uprising. Historically, China has maintained a strong trading relationship with Bangladesh, which grew notably during Hasina’s governance. Her tenure marked the beginning of China’s deepening interest in Bangladesh, culminating in a pivotal moment during President Xi Jinping’s visit to Dhaka in 2016. That year also saw Bangladesh’s entry into China’s Belt and Road Initiative, establishing Beijing as Dhaka’s primary trading partner and investor, while Dhaka was designated as Beijing’s “all-weather friend".

However, there are concerns that China’s excessive investments have contributed to Bangladesh’s economic vulnerabilities, challenges that the interim government has inherited since August of the previous year.

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The political instability following Hasina’s removal raises questions about whether the new interim government will adopt a foreign policy distinct from that of its predecessor. An examination of its neighbourhood policy suggests some shifts; nevertheless, regarding relations with Beijing, Dhaka’s foreign policy appears largely consistent with Hasina’s approach. This situation provokes inquiry into whether the interim government will continue to benefit from the groundwork laid by Sheikh Hasina.

A brief overview of Chinese involvement during Sheikh Hasina’s second term reveals a remarkable increase in investment, rising from $241 million in 2016 to $1.4 billion by 2023 across various sectors, including manufacturing, energy, and information technology.

Additionally, China has emerged as the leading investor in Bangladesh’s exclusive economic zones. The bilateral trade relationship has also seen substantial growth, surpassing $25 billion in 2022; however, a significant trade deficit persists as Bangladesh’s exports to China remain below one billion dollars, despite China offering duty-free benefits to Bangladesh. Over this period, Dhaka has received more than $2.6 billion........

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