In an age where the very idea of truth is contested, America’s hybrid warfare against Russia represents not just a geopolitical challenge but also a moral and civilizational one.

In his seminal text Prison Notebooks, he went beyond the rigid materialistic worldview of Marxism. He argued for the growing relevance of the superstructure—especially culture and religion—in shaping Western societies. He noted that the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution template would not hold sway in the West primarily because of the influence wielded by its cultural institutions. This forms the most enduring basis of his strategically relevant concept: the War of Position.

War of Position 

In this theoretical idea, Gramsci described two forms of societies in the West: political society and civil society. The former employs coercion to secure obedience from the citizens, and hence its authority is based on fear; in contrast, the latter generates acceptance for the rule of the bourgeoisie by creating what he calls “consent.” This consent is obtained through institutions such as the media, education, and religion. Such ‘consent’ seeks to become the zeitgeist, which Gramsci calls the new “common sense.” Therefore, when the bourgeoisie rules with the ‘consent’ of the masses based on the new “common sense,” it becomes “hegemony.”

This, Gramsci realized, is what made........

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