Indonesia – Kazakhstan Relations Through the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) Cooperation

Contemporary international relations are characterized by a shift in the centre of global economic power and the emergence of a new regional cooperation architecture.

The idea of ​​a Eurasian Union of States, first presented at Lomonosov State University in Moscow, was proposed by Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev during his first official visit to Russia on March 29, 1994. In June 1994, a detailed integration project was presented to the head of state and subsequently published in the media. Further, the integration alliance was referred to as the Eurasian Union in official documents. The EAEU has made a concrete contribution in gradually strengthening the digital resilience of the Southeast Asian region, through various collaborative initiatives with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).

Kazakhstan played a unique role as a bridge between the EAEU and Asia regions, making it one of the Central Asia partners for Indonesia in its efforts to access the broader market. This paper argues that Indonesia’s strategic relationship with Kazakhstan is one of the solutions in integrating into the EAEU supply chain and market, despite facing a number of structural and geopolitical challenges.

Diplomatic relations between Indonesia and Kazakhstan began on 2 June 1993, and the Indonesian government recognized Kazakhstan on December 28, 1991. Both countries interaction has increased in the last decade, and they view significant synergy potential, not only as fellow Muslim-majority nations with growing economies, but also as actors with a vision to diversify their trading partners beyond their traditional ones. Kazakhstan, with its abundant natural resources, particularly oil, gas, and metals, offers commodities much needed by Indonesian industry. Indonesia in turn offers value-added products such as palm oil, rubber, coffee, tea, textiles, electronics, and halal products that are highly competitive in the Kazakh market and the surrounding region. The Kazakhstan 2050 vision, which focuses on economic diversification and modernization, along with Indonesia’s........

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