One year ago, on May 7, 2025, India launched Operation Sindoor, a coordinated tri-service military response to the devastating terror attack in the Baisaran valley, Pahalgam on April 22, 2025. This operation marked a significant shift in India’s strategic doctrine, moving from “strategic restraint” to “active deterrence” under the nuclear overhang. This calls for an in-depth analysis of the pros and cons of the operation, one year into the “new normal.”

The operation successfully demonstrated that India could conduct deep-penetration strikes—hitting 9 terror sites in 23 minutes, including targets in Bahawalpur and Punjab province—without triggering a nuclear escalation. This effectively called Pakistan’s “nuclear blackmail” bluff. For the first time in decades, the Army, Navy, and Air Force operated as a unified force. The Navy’s Carrier Battle Group (CBG) deployment in the Arabian Sea bottled up the Pakistan Navy, while the Air Force and Army coordinated precision strikes. Official reports indicate over 100 terrorists, including senior leadership from Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed, were........

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