For nearly four decades, Jammu and Kashmir has witnessed the tragic loss of human lives due to turmoil and violence. Over the years, however, the situation has improved considerably and deaths associated with violence have declined sharply. Yet another form of avoidable mortality is now demanding our attention, road accidents.

The nature of the threat has changed, but the human tragedy has not. The method of taking lives may have changed, but the loss of life continues.Road accidents have become so frequent that society is gradually becoming accustomed to them. A fatal crash is reported in the morning, discussed for a few hours and soon replaced by another headline. But behind every such headline is a family whose life may have been permanently altered.The scale of the problem is serious. Official J&K Traffic Police data recorded 6,298 road accidents and 893 deaths in 2023. Government data subsequently showed that the number of reported accidents declined to 5,726 in 2024 and 5,287 in 2025. This is encouraging, but the continuing loss of hundreds of lives every year demands much greater attention.

The problem is better understood through the concept of road fatality rather than simply accident frequency. A reduction in the number of crashes is meaningful only if the severity of those crashes also falls. A single accident involving a bus, passenger vehicle or a vehicle falling into a gorge can claim several lives simultaneously.

The geography of Jammu and Kashmir makes the problem particularly complex. The region combines densely populated urban roads with mountainous terrain, sharp bends, steep gradients, narrow carriageways, unpredictable weather and long stretches of highways. Roads that are safe under one set of conditions can become hazardous under another. Rain, snowfall, fog, landslides, poor visibility and road-surface deterioration can dramatically alter stopping distance and vehicle control.

But geography........

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