The European Union scrambled to diversify its energy supply and reduce its reliance on Russian gas after Moscow's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

Pipeline gas imports from Russia dropped sharply — from more than 150 billion cubic meters (bcm) in 2021 to less than 52 bcm in 2024.

However, despite sweeping sanctions designed to curb Moscow's energy revenue, Russia still accounted for roughly 19% of the EU's gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply in 2024.

According to a recent report by DUH (Deutsche Umwelthilfe, or Environmental Action Germany), the EU's imports of Russian LNG have increased. The environmental NGO's analysis found that the bloc bought about 20% more Russian LNG in 2024 than it did the previous year.

In the search for alternative energy suppliers, Brussels has struck or renewed deals with countries that are politically unstable or considered misaligned with European values.

Algeria, long plagued by domestic unrest and diplomatic tensions with neighbors like Morocco and Spain, remains a key supplier. Libya's gas output is regularly disrupted by militia blockades and factional infighting.

Meanwhile, Gulf monarchies like Qatar — often criticized for their human rights records — continue to play a significant role in Europe's energy strategy.

In each case, the EU appears to have........

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